{"id":1963,"date":"2024-09-21T21:15:50","date_gmt":"2024-09-21T21:15:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/?p=1963"},"modified":"2024-10-07T08:50:10","modified_gmt":"2024-10-07T08:50:10","slug":"le-climat-de-lhistoire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/en\/le-climat-de-lhistoire\/","title":{"rendered":"Le climat de l&rsquo;histoire"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1963\" class=\"elementor elementor-1963\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-efe2a87 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"efe2a87\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bc4a09\" data-id=\"1bc4a09\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2481faa elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"2481faa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-560e033 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"560e033\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Le climat de l'histoire<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47abcb2 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"47abcb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-file-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Histoire<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">15.04.2024 <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-clock\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">9 min<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e251cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6e251cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-67a30a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"67a30a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ff0eaee\" data-id=\"ff0eaee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b551de3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b551de3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"595\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_2baa32335f4e451e8f9a7047d5eb0a7bmv2.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1969\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_2baa32335f4e451e8f9a7047d5eb0a7bmv2.webp 800w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_2baa32335f4e451e8f9a7047d5eb0a7bmv2-300x223.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_2baa32335f4e451e8f9a7047d5eb0a7bmv2-768x571.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_2baa32335f4e451e8f9a7047d5eb0a7bmv2-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2406df8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2406df8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>William Turner, Quillebeuf, embouchure de la Seine, 1833.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ed77fbd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ed77fbd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6de4209\" data-id=\"6de4209\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c84bd88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c84bd88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-1wbi516533\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">Dans un article de 2009 intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0<a class=\"Qwps1 _8zT4p\" href=\"https:\/\/warwick.ac.uk\/fac\/arts\/english\/currentstudents\/undergraduate\/modules\/literaturetheoryandtime\/chakrabarty.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-hook=\"WebLink\"><u>Le climat de l&rsquo;histoire<\/u><\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, l\u2019historien Dipesh Chakrabarty s\u2019interroge sur le r\u00e9chauffement climatique et sur la mani\u00e8re dont ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne peut conduire \u00e0 un renouvellement des conceptions traditionnelles de l\u2019histoire humaine. Pour le penseur indien, le r\u00e9chauffement du climat imposerait aux historiens de r\u00e9viser un certain nombre de pr\u00e9suppos\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires propres \u00e0 leur discipline. Que ce soit sous leur forme orthodoxe ou sous leur forme critique (analyses marxistes, <em>subaltern studies<\/em>, critiques postcoloniales\u2026), les th\u00e9ories traditionnelles ne permettent pas de comprendre pleinement la question du d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-cnv9f16540\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">Premi\u00e8re th\u00e8se avanc\u00e9e par Chakrabarty : la transformation du climat terrestre par l\u2019activit\u00e9 humaine a rendu caduque la distinction entre histoire naturelle et histoire humaine, qui est pourtant au c\u0153ur de la tradition humaniste.\u00a0 L\u2019histoire, en tant que discipline, s\u2019est en effet construite comme histoire des \u00e9v\u00e9nements proprement humains.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-x77h7461337\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">La trame d&rsquo;une telle histoire est constitu\u00e9e par les d\u00e9cisions d\u2019agents conscients de leurs actes, par opposition \u00e0 des \u00e9v\u00e9nements naturels qui adviennent de fa\u00e7on purement m\u00e9canique et aveugle. La t\u00e2che de l\u2019historien a donc typiquement consist\u00e9 \u00e0 reconstruire l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019esprit des individus et des groupes qui ont par leurs choix et leurs actions orient\u00e9 le devenir de l\u2019humanit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-5t7ux16542\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">Dans une telle perspective, faire de l\u2019histoire revient \u00e0 identifier, analyser et expliquer un ensemble de coutumes ou de normes sociales propres \u00e0 une \u00e9poque. L\u2019histoire, sous sa forme canonique, s\u2019int\u00e9resse essentiellement aux ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes culturels et d\u00e9laisse donc ce qui rel\u00e8ve de la nature. Pareille conception de l\u2019histoire conduit ainsi \u00e0 appr\u00e9hender l\u2019environnement comme un simple cadre, qui n\u2019est certes pas immuable, mais qui \u00e9volue \u00e0 un rythme extr\u00eamement lent, si bien que la relation qu\u2019entretiennent les \u00eatres humains avec leur milieu peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme quasiment intemporelle. Cette relation se situe donc manifestement hors du champ de l\u2019enqu\u00eate historique.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-skicu16544\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">Certains historiens, notamment Fernand Braudel, ont pourtant cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9crire une histoire dans laquelle les saisons et les rythmes r\u00e9guliers de la nature peuvent jouer un certain r\u00f4le dans le d\u00e9roulement des actions humaines \u2013 une histoire qui prenne donc en compte les cycles r\u00e9currents propres au milieu naturel.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-d6428461581\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">L\u2019environnement cesse alors d\u2019\u00eatre con\u00e7u comme un simple arri\u00e8re-plan et son influence sur le devenir humain est en partie reconnue. Il demeure toutefois une puissance r\u00e9p\u00e9titive et intemporelle, qui n\u2019a en elle-m\u00eame rien d\u2019historique, puisqu\u2019elle n\u2019est en tant que telle jamais marqu\u00e9e par quelque \u00e9v\u00e9nement significatif que ce soit.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fc2d34e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fc2d34e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b04e46\" data-id=\"1b04e46\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2aafe65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2aafe65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_4f3f9405fdb541daa9ee293c23c1200dmv2.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1968\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_4f3f9405fdb541daa9ee293c23c1200dmv2.webp 700w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_4f3f9405fdb541daa9ee293c23c1200dmv2-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_4f3f9405fdb541daa9ee293c23c1200dmv2-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_4f3f9405fdb541daa9ee293c23c1200dmv2-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cef66a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3cef66a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>L&rsquo;ouvrage de Braudel sur la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, paru en 1949, a contribu\u00e9 au renouveau des \u00e9tudes historiques, en int\u00e9grant syst\u00e9matiquement \u00e0 ses analyses des \u00e9v\u00e9nements diverses consid\u00e9rations sur le r\u00f4le de l&rsquo;espace et du milieu humain : c&rsquo;est la naissance de la \u00ab\u00a0g\u00e9ohistoire\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7ddf9b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7ddf9b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-64256ba\" data-id=\"64256ba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71c3b4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71c3b4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-gxw4b16546\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">Les travaux de Braudel ont pourtant ouvert une premi\u00e8re br\u00e8che dans la logique binaire opposant l\u2019histoire humaine \u00e0 l\u2019histoire naturelle. Cette br\u00e8che s\u2019est ensuite \u00e9largie au cours des ann\u00e9es 1960 avec le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019<a class=\"Qwps1 _8zT4p\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bnf.fr\/fr\/mediatheque\/dautres-recits-en-histoire-introduction-lhistoire-environnementale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\"><u>histoire environnementale<\/u><\/a>, qui interroge de fa\u00e7on plus syst\u00e9matique les interactions entre les \u00eatres humains et leur milieu. Certains historiens ont ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9 amen\u00e9s \u00e0 esquisser une premi\u00e8re histoire naturelle de l\u2019\u00eatre humain, en questionnant le rapport entretenus par les \u00eatres humains avec les animaux sauvages, l\u2019eau ou les for\u00eats.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-6z2pq16550\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">Selon Chakrabarty, ces approches novatrices ne permettent cependant pas en elles-m\u00eames de saisir les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s propres \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8re du d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique. L\u2019histoire environnementale s\u2019est en effet surtout int\u00e9ress\u00e9e aux \u00eatres humains en tant qu\u2019agents biologiques dont l\u2019action s\u2019inscrit dans des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes sp\u00e9cifiques. Or, avec la r\u00e9volution industrielle, les \u00eatres humains ne sont plus simplement des \u00eatres dou\u00e9s d&rsquo;une puissance proprement biologiques, mais des individus dont les actions s&rsquo;articulent \u00e0 tout un ensemble de machines et acqui\u00e8rent par l\u00e0 une puissance d&rsquo;\u00e9chelle g\u00e9ologique.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-eoab016552\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">Avec le recours aux \u00e9nergies fossiles, les humains sont donc en mesure de faire fonctionner des dispositifs techniques qui n\u2019influencent plus simplement leur milieu environnant, mais dont les r\u00e9percussions atteignent une ampleur plan\u00e9taire. De l\u00e0 un bouleversement de la chronologie humaine. Cette derni\u00e8re est longtemps rest\u00e9e insignifiante en comparaison de l\u2019immensit\u00e9 des \u00e9v\u00e9nements g\u00e9ologiques, qui peuvent s\u2019inscrivent dans une histoire longue de <a class=\"Qwps1 _8zT4p\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mnhn.fr\/fr\/quel-age-a-la-terre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\"><u>plusieurs milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es<\/u><\/a>. La port\u00e9e des entreprises humaines demeurait ainsi d\u2019une ampleur relativement modeste en comparaison d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nements g\u00e9ologiques comme la formation des oc\u00e9ans ou la transformation des continents.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-4wm9q16556\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">Avec l\u2019essor des techniques, qui s&rsquo;est accompagn\u00e9 d\u2019une hausse vertigineuse de la population mondiale, l\u2019activit\u00e9 humaine est pourtant capable de provoquer aujourd\u2019hui des bouleversements d\u2019une \u00e9chelle comparable \u00e0 celle des \u00e9v\u00e9nements g\u00e9ologiques les plus importants. La combustion effr\u00e9n\u00e9e d\u2019\u00e9nergies fossiles conduit ainsi \u00e0 une transformation radicale de la composition de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re terrestre et provoque par exemple une <a class=\"Qwps1 _8zT4p\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sudouest.fr\/environnement\/climat\/rechauffement-climatique\/rechauffement-climatique-la-hausse-du-niveau-des-oceans-a-connu-un-bond-important-19048919.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\"><u>hausse du niveau de l\u2019ensemble des oc\u00e9ans<\/u><\/a>.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72341e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72341e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a3f0f05\" data-id=\"a3f0f05\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-466b2b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"466b2b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_b4230795f4cd41099d47de39553eb507mv2-1024x767.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1967\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_b4230795f4cd41099d47de39553eb507mv2-1024x767.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_b4230795f4cd41099d47de39553eb507mv2-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_b4230795f4cd41099d47de39553eb507mv2-768x575.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_b4230795f4cd41099d47de39553eb507mv2-16x12.webp 16w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_b4230795f4cd41099d47de39553eb507mv2.webp 1480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ee8e54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ee8e54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>L&rsquo;artificialisation des territoires sous l&rsquo;effet de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 humaine a d\u00e9sormais pris des proportions plan\u00e9taires. L&rsquo;\u0153uvre du photographe Edward Burtynsky offre un t\u00e9moignage saisissant de cette influence des \u00eatres humains sur l&rsquo;ensemble des milieux terrestres. Cr\u00e9dit photographie : Edward Burtynsky, 2013.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-904ddae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"904ddae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-642013c\" data-id=\"642013c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aef2eeb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aef2eeb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-l5syi16560\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">Prendre acte d\u2019une telle rupture implique pour l\u2019historien un bouleversement m\u00e9thodologique et conceptuel radical. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 l\u2019histoire environnementale classique consid\u00e9rait que les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9taient prisonni\u00e8res du climat qui leur \u00e9tait propre, il faut d\u00e9sormais reconna\u00eetre que les \u00eatres humains sont capables de bouleverser les conditions climatiques au sein desquelles se d\u00e9ploie leur activit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-o4hev470779\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">Cette nouvelle aptitude, qui a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper au cours de la r\u00e9volution industrielle, ne s\u2019est pleinement exprim\u00e9e que dans la <a class=\"Qwps1 _8zT4p\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rivaje.fr\/blog\/la-grande-acceleration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\"><u>seconde partie du vingti\u00e8me si\u00e8cle<\/u><\/a>. Ce n\u2019est donc que tr\u00e8s r\u00e9cemment que la distinction entre histoire humaine et histoire naturelle a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u2019effondrer. Il n\u2019est d\u00e8s lors pas \u00e9tonnant que l\u2019histoire, en tant que discipline, ait tard\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u2019int\u00e9resser \u00e0 ce nouveau couplage entre temporalit\u00e9 humaine et temporalit\u00e9 g\u00e9ologique.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-kn826470961\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">La prise en compte de cette jonction in\u00e9dite est pourtant indispensable : si les \u00eatres humains sont effectivement devenus des agents g\u00e9ologiques \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re, leurs actions peuvent avoir des cons\u00e9quences similaires \u00e0 celles qui ont d\u00e9coul\u00e9 des grands \u00e9v\u00e9nements de l\u2019histoire de la Terre, laquelle a notamment \u00e9t\u00e9 ponctu\u00e9e par plusieurs extinctions de masse des esp\u00e8ces. De telles possibilit\u00e9s ne peuvent raisonnablement \u00eatre ignor\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-azqmi16566\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">La seconde th\u00e8se avanc\u00e9e par Chakrabarty concerne notre conception de la modernit\u00e9. L\u2019\u00e9mergence du d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique remet selon lui en cause la pertinence des r\u00e9cits humanistes portant sur cette p\u00e9riode historique. Les historiens ont ainsi largement mis l\u2019accent sur la question du progr\u00e8s des libert\u00e9s au cours des deux cent cinquante derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, que ce soit au sein des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s occidentales, avec notamment le d\u00e9veloppement du paradigme des droits humains, mais aussi, plus tardivement, au sein des anciennes colonies qui ont progressivement acc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-xxrw816568\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">Pour Chakrabarty, il est cependant n\u00e9cessaire de s\u2019interroger sur les implications g\u00e9ologiques de ce progr\u00e8s apparent de la libert\u00e9 humaine. Qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de l\u2019essor de nos d\u00e9placements, de la conqu\u00eate de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire ou de l\u2019explosion de l\u2019activit\u00e9 industrielle, l\u2019ensemble de nos pratiques effectives reposent sur une utilisation croissante de machines et d\u2019\u00e9nergies fossiles. La libert\u00e9 moderne, sous sa forme la plus concr\u00e8te, est ainsi indissociable d\u2019un sous-bassement \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dont l\u2019existence implique en retour des r\u00e9percussions d\u2019\u00e9chelle plan\u00e9taire.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a1557d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a1557d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-60432e5\" data-id=\"60432e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af5dbf8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"af5dbf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"645\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_0e4c33fc5ff04c3db71d3b00a46fb687mv2-1024x645.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1966\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_0e4c33fc5ff04c3db71d3b00a46fb687mv2-1024x645.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_0e4c33fc5ff04c3db71d3b00a46fb687mv2-300x189.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_0e4c33fc5ff04c3db71d3b00a46fb687mv2-768x484.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_0e4c33fc5ff04c3db71d3b00a46fb687mv2-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_0e4c33fc5ff04c3db71d3b00a46fb687mv2.webp 1480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-806f529 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"806f529\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Le mode de vie dominant au sein des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s industrialis\u00e9es est indissociable d&rsquo;un sous-bassement \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique qui reste en lui-m\u00eame largement invisible dans le cadre de la vie quotidienne. Cr\u00e9dit image : Pixabay.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c980a58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c980a58\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5580fd8\" data-id=\"5580fd8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94a35c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94a35c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\">La modernit\u00e9, con\u00e7ue comme p\u00e9riode d\u2019acc\u00e8s croissant \u00e0 la libert\u00e9, est donc selon Chakrabarty \u00e9troitement li\u00e9e \u00e0 ce que certains scientifiques proposent de nommer l\u2019Anthropoc\u00e8ne, une \u00e9poque au sein de laquelle l\u2019histoire g\u00e9ologique et l\u2019histoire humaine sont d\u00e9sormais indissociables. La poursuite de la libert\u00e9 serait ainsi ins\u00e9parable du mouvement qui a conduit au d\u00e9r\u00e8glement du climat terrestre, lequel menace \u00e0 la fois l\u2019ensemble du vivant et des communaut\u00e9s humaines.<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\">\u00a0<\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-ysj4c16574\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">La relecture de l\u2019histoire de la modernit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019aune d\u2019une r\u00e9flexion sur l\u2019Anthropoc\u00e8ne conduit ainsi \u00a0\u00e0 une critique radicale des r\u00e9cits portant sur le progr\u00e8s de la libert\u00e9. L&rsquo;Anthropoc\u00e8ne repr\u00e9sente un d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9minemment ind\u00e9sirable de la modernit\u00e9 sur lequel il serait fautif de fermer les yeux. Le r\u00e9chauffement de la plan\u00e8te affecte en effet les param\u00e8tres biologiques et g\u00e9ologiques qui ont conditionn\u00e9 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent la survie de l\u2019humanit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-ku25x16576\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">L\u2019\u00e9mergence des <a class=\"Qwps1 _8zT4p\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/fr\/climatechange\/science\/causes-effects-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\"><u>facteurs contribuant au r\u00e9chauffement climatique<\/u><\/a>, \u00e0 savoir la combustion de combustibles fossiles, l&rsquo;industrialisation de l\u2019\u00e9levage animal et le d\u00e9frichement des for\u00eats tropicales, s\u2019inscrivent cependant au sein d&rsquo;une histoire plus vaste : la naissance du capitalisme en Occident et la domination imp\u00e9riale ou quasi-imp\u00e9riale de l&rsquo;Occident sur le reste du monde. C\u2019est bien du capitalisme industriel occidental que se sont inspir\u00e9es les classes dirigeantes de la Chine, du Japon, de l&rsquo;Inde, de la Russie et du Br\u00e9sil \u00e0 la fin du vingti\u00e8me si\u00e8cle lorsqu\u2019elles se sont elles-m\u00eames efforc\u00e9es de d\u00e9velopper leur \u00e9conomie et d\u2019asseoir leur puissance g\u00e9opolitique.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-yb7bu16580\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">D\u00e8s lors, \u00a0la responsabilit\u00e9 de la crise actuelle devrait \u00eatre attribu\u00e9e en premier lieu aux nations riches et aux classes les plus riches des pays plus pauvres, et non \u00e0 l\u2019humanit\u00e9 tout enti\u00e8re. L\u2019empreinte carbone des populations les plus pauvres est en effet d\u00e9risoires, et ces derni\u00e8res ne portent donc \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s <a class=\"Qwps1 _8zT4p\" href=\"https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.fr\/environnement\/article\/giec-les-plus-riches-representent-pres-de-la-moitie-des-emissions_194631.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\"><u>aucune responsabilit\u00e9<\/u><\/a>\u00a0dans le d\u00e9r\u00e8glement du climat.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ed6d268 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ed6d268\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3dc327d\" data-id=\"3dc327d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f790084 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f790084\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"874\" height=\"587\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_c6094ddb1ac34deeaad76d67e2c6e53fmv2.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1965\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_c6094ddb1ac34deeaad76d67e2c6e53fmv2.webp 874w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_c6094ddb1ac34deeaad76d67e2c6e53fmv2-300x201.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_c6094ddb1ac34deeaad76d67e2c6e53fmv2-768x516.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_c6094ddb1ac34deeaad76d67e2c6e53fmv2-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 874px) 100vw, 874px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b8df77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b8df77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-gt5xv239341\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT V7zwv a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><em><span class=\"rpoEi\">Contribution par pays et continent aux \u00e9missions totales de dioxyde de carbone depuis l&rsquo;\u00e8re industrielle. Cr\u00e9dit image :\u00a0<\/span><a class=\"Qwps1 _8zT4p\" style=\"font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/contributed-most-global-co2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-hook=\"WebLink\"><u>Our World in Data<\/u><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">, 2019.<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-839973a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"839973a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8fa42a6\" data-id=\"8fa42a6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d5452c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d5452c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-7fejc16584\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">L\u2019av\u00e8nement de l&rsquo;Anthropoc\u00e8ne n\u2019en rend pas moins rend n\u00e9cessaire une mise en dialogue des histoires du capitalisme avec l&rsquo;histoire de l\u2019esp\u00e8ce humaines. Telle est la troisi\u00e8me th\u00e8se avanc\u00e9e par Chakrabarty : la seule critique du capital ne permet pas de comprendre pleinement la situation \u00e0 laquelle nous sommes confront\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-aosv4474548\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">Il est vrai que le d\u00e9r\u00e8glement du climat d\u00e9coule de la diffusion d\u2019un mod\u00e8le de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9 sur une forte consommation d\u2019\u00e9nergie qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 et promu par l\u2019industrialisation capitaliste. Cependant, les cons\u00e9quences du d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique n\u2019ont en elles-m\u00eames pas davantage de lien direct avec la logique capitaliste qu\u2019avec le paradigme socialiste ou nationaliste.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-rl26p16586\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">Ce que le d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique met en p\u00e9ril, ce sont les conditions d\u2019existences qui ont permis l\u2019essor de la civilisation humaine. La naissance de l\u2019agriculture, il y a environ dix mille ans, ne saurait ainsi \u00eatre con\u00e7ue comme la simple cons\u00e9quence de l\u2019inventivit\u00e9 humaine. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendue possible\u00a0 par l\u2019\u00e9volution de la quantit\u00e9 de dioxyde de carbone dans l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re, qui a conduit \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019\u00e8re glaciaire et \u00e0 l\u2019apparition d\u2019un climat stable et temp\u00e9r\u00e9. La temp\u00e9rature de la plan\u00e8te s&rsquo;est alors stabilis\u00e9e \u00e0 un niveau qui a rendu possible la culture de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d1fc795 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d1fc795\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-163da9a\" data-id=\"163da9a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24a9e7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"24a9e7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"658\" height=\"474\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_667367bb39404c30a1c8c6dc40707317mv2.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1964\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_667367bb39404c30a1c8c6dc40707317mv2.webp 658w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_667367bb39404c30a1c8c6dc40707317mv2-300x216.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_667367bb39404c30a1c8c6dc40707317mv2-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 658px) 100vw, 658px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9aae600 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9aae600\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-k5uma926\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT V7zwv a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><em>La naissance de l&rsquo;agriculture a eu lieu au cours du n\u00e9olithique, il y a un peu plus de 10 000 ans. Elle co\u00efncide avec la stabilisation du climat terrestre \u00e0 des niveaux temp\u00e9r\u00e9s durant le d\u00e9but de l&rsquo;Holoc\u00e8ne, \u00e9poque g\u00e9ologique \u00e0 laquelle pourrait d\u00e9sormais avoir succ\u00e9d\u00e9 l&rsquo;Anthropoc\u00e8ne. Cr\u00e9dit image : Histoire pour tous.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3ddc271 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3ddc271\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a9a80f\" data-id=\"6a9a80f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e354b96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e354b96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-lnai5257309\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">Ce sont ces conditions de vie qui sont aujourd\u2019hui en passe de dispara\u00eetre. Un tel \u00e9tat de fait d\u00e9passe donc tr\u00e8s largement l\u2019histoire du capitalisme, des relations de domination et des asym\u00e9tries sur lesquelles repose ce r\u00e9gime socio-\u00e9conomique. Il n\u2019est nullement question de nier <a class=\"Qwps1 _8zT4p\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/06\/08\/qui-pollue-vraiment-10-points-sur-les-inegalites-et-la-politique-climatique\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\">le <\/a><a class=\"Qwps1 _8zT4p\" href=\"https:\/\/legrandcontinent.eu\/fr\/2022\/06\/08\/qui-pollue-vraiment-10-points-sur-les-inegalites-et-la-politique-climatique\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hook=\"WebLink\"><u>r\u00f4le des nations les plus riches<\/u><\/a> et de celles qui se sont r\u00e9cemment industrialis\u00e9es dans l\u2019accumulation r\u00e9cente de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. Pour rendre compte du pr\u00e9sent, il est cependant indispensable de ne pas s\u2019en tenir \u00e0 l\u2019histoire du capitalisme et d\u2019instaurer au contraire un dialogue entre l\u2019histoire, la g\u00e9ologie et l\u2019arch\u00e9ologie.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-5yrau16592\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">Il en retourne en derni\u00e8re instance de la compr\u00e9hension que les \u00eatres humains ont d\u2019eux-m\u00eames. Dans sa quatri\u00e8me th\u00e8se, Chakrabarty revient ainsi sur l\u2019importance de la mise en regard de l\u2019histoire des esp\u00e8ces et de l\u2019histoire du capital. Sans une telle entreprise, il sera impossible aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s et aux individus contemporains de se comprendre eux-m\u00eames. Le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une conscience historique est en effet une mani\u00e8re d\u2019entamer une r\u00e9flexion critique sur ses propres exp\u00e9riences et sur celles des acteurs historiques dont nous sommes les contemporains ou les h\u00e9ritiers.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-lfiva16594\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">Si la connaissance historique a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 utile au d\u00e9chiffrement de soi, elle s\u2019av\u00e8re particuli\u00e8rement indispensable dans le contexte de l\u2019Antrhopoc\u00e8ne. Cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement est en effet d\u2019une telle ampleur qu\u2019il nous est impossible d\u2019en faire l\u2019exp\u00e9rience concr\u00e8te. Nous pouvons assur\u00e9ment les t\u00e9moins de certains effets sp\u00e9cifiques du d\u00e9r\u00e8glement du climat, mais nous ne sommes pas en mesure d\u2019acc\u00e9der empiriquement au ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne dans son ensemble, puisqu\u2019il touche la plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re. Il nous est donc impossible de faire l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de notre nouvelle condition d\u2019agent g\u00e9ologique.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div data-breakout=\"normal\"><p id=\"viewer-bzc1v16596\" class=\"E0qnV MObmT Ms0q1 a144M\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"rpoEi\">La connaissance historique est donc indispensable pour comprendre ce que nous faisons et ce que nous sommes. C\u2019est en tant qu\u2019esp\u00e8ce et non en tant qu\u2019individus que nous sommes en mesure de provoquer des bouleversements d\u2019\u00e9chelle g\u00e9ologique. Or, nous ne faisons jamais l\u2019\u00e9preuve que de notre vie individuelle, non de la vie de l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, qui nous est inaccessible sur le plan concret. Un certain degr\u00e9 d\u2019abstraction et une mise en ordre des \u00e9v\u00e9nements relevant de l\u2019histoire humaine et de l\u2019histoire g\u00e9ologique sont d\u00e8s lors n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lucidation de notre nouvelle condition. L\u2019histoire, en tant que discipline, offre pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment l\u2019occasion d\u2019une telle prise de recul.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8e2cd2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8e2cd2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dfb1553\" data-id=\"dfb1553\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f45cc18 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f45cc18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd39892 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bd39892\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Posts r\u00e9cents<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20a5dad elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"20a5dad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0cb16d elementor-posts--align-left elementor-grid-3 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-card-shadow-yes elementor-posts__hover-gradient elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"f0cb16d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;cards_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:29,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_columns&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.cards\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-cards elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-1985 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-humanites category-essais\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/en\/tout-peut-changer\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" ><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"201\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_6cd492504f744dd6a22d0c150cf38e11mv2-300x201.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1993\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_6cd492504f744dd6a22d0c150cf38e11mv2-300x201.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_6cd492504f744dd6a22d0c150cf38e11mv2-1024x686.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_6cd492504f744dd6a22d0c150cf38e11mv2-768x515.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_6cd492504f744dd6a22d0c150cf38e11mv2-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_6cd492504f744dd6a22d0c150cf38e11mv2.webp 1237w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Humanit\u00e9s<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/en\/tout-peut-changer\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tTout peut changer\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/en\/tout-peut-changer\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Tout peut changer\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tLire le post \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\t21\/09\/2024\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-1974 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-humanites category-philosophie\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/en\/ou-atterrir\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" ><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_77e1a34686ad4ddba54021e77d99df65mv2-300x200.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1980\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_77e1a34686ad4ddba54021e77d99df65mv2-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_77e1a34686ad4ddba54021e77d99df65mv2-1024x682.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_77e1a34686ad4ddba54021e77d99df65mv2-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_77e1a34686ad4ddba54021e77d99df65mv2-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_77e1a34686ad4ddba54021e77d99df65mv2.webp 1480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Humanit\u00e9s<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/en\/ou-atterrir\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tO\u00f9 atterrir ?\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/en\/ou-atterrir\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about O\u00f9 atterrir ?\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tLire le post \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\t21\/09\/2024\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-1963 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-humanites category-histoire\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/en\/le-climat-de-lhistoire\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" ><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"223\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_2baa32335f4e451e8f9a7047d5eb0a7bmv2-300x223.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1969\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_2baa32335f4e451e8f9a7047d5eb0a7bmv2-300x223.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_2baa32335f4e451e8f9a7047d5eb0a7bmv2-768x571.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_2baa32335f4e451e8f9a7047d5eb0a7bmv2-16x12.webp 16w, https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3ca3f4_2baa32335f4e451e8f9a7047d5eb0a7bmv2.webp 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__badge\">Humanit\u00e9s<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/en\/le-climat-de-lhistoire\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tLe climat de l&rsquo;histoire\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/en\/le-climat-de-lhistoire\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Le climat de l&rsquo;histoire\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tLire le post \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\t21\/09\/2024\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1969,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-humanites","category-histoire"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>| Le climat de l&#039;histoire |<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Apr\u00e8s plusieurs d\u00e9cennies de recherches scientifiques, de nombreuses incertitudes entourent encore la question du d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chaireearth.org\/en\/le-climat-de-lhistoire\/\" \/>\n<meta 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